The Trend of Intelligence
You bought a large single-family villa to be renovated. In order to facilitate life, you have installed multiple ceiling lights, sweeping robots, air conditioners and other equipment in each room. As more and more devices are placed, you find that each device There are independent switches, and it is very inconvenient to operate these devices one by one every time they are used.
However, as more devices are purchased, more and more switches are required. Before opening a device, you need to think about where the corresponding switch is, which leads to more and more time spent using the device each time. At this time, you find that you can integrate the switches of the devices in each room into a control panel, and mark the corresponding device switches. When you need to use these devices, you can directly control the corresponding devices through this control panel, which is not only convenient, but also more convenient. Convenient.
At this time, you find that more and more equipment is added to the room decoration, more and more corresponding switches are added, and more and more time and energy are required to find the corresponding switches. Under the development trend of automobile intelligence and networking, the original ECU-based distributed automobile electronic and electrical architecture also exposed many problems and challenges.
The core of the functional system of a traditional car is the ECU. The upgrade of intelligent functions depends on the accumulation of the number of ECUs and sensors. With the acceleration of the intelligent upgrade of bicycles, the intelligent functions of automobiles such as airbags, anti-lock braking systems, electric power steering, body electronics Stability systems, smart meters, entertainment audio-visual systems, power battery management systems, etc. continue to be superimposed, and the supporting lines are constantly complicated. The original intelligent upgrade method is faced with problems such as surging R&D and production costs, insufficient computing power, and reduced security. How to Ensuring that data processing and network security are optimized is a challenge.
In order to solve these problems, the concept of an automotive domain controller was proposed. Similar to room decoration, the switches of each room are integrated into a control panel. The domain controller is to integrate the ECUs that were originally isolated from each other. The “central brain” controls the ECUs and sensors of the entire vehicle, allowing many similar but separate ECU functions to be integrated into a processor hardware platform that is more powerful than the ECU.
The proposal of the domain controller gradually reduces the R&D cost of intelligent upgrade of automobiles, and makes the implementation of intelligent automobiles a reality. Compared with the traditional automotive distributed electronic and electrical architecture, each ECU is connected through the CAN bus and LIN bus. With the superposition of functions, the entire system becomes more and more complex and different. The integrated domain controller processing solution allows the automotive Electronic network topologies have become simpler.
As the center of automobile computing and decision-making, the realization of functions mainly depends on the organic combination of multi-level software and hardware such as the main control chip, software operating system, middleware, and application algorithms. Operating system, application software and algorithm, the main core design idea of domain controller is platformization, high integration, high performance and good compatibility.
Due to the high integration of multiple ECU functions, domain controllers can greatly reduce development costs and manufacturing costs, and accelerate the development of intelligent vehicles. In order to better integrate different functions, the core of the development of domain controllers is the chip computing capability. The acceleration of the system can allow the system components of public information to be allocated and executed in the software, and the software and hardware can be separated. It can quickly respond to customer needs with sufficient resources, and has the advantages of platformization, compatibility, high integration, and good performance. .
Similar to the room decoration mentioned above, which integrates the switches of each room into a control panel, the design of the domain controller will also have multiple divisions. Different OEMs will divide the main functions of the car into several parts due to different design concepts. different domains.
For example, BOSCH divides the car into the power domain, the body domain, the chassis domain, the cockpit domain and the autonomous driving domain, which is also the most classic five-domain centralized electronic and electrical architecture. Further integration, the power domain, body domain, and chassis domain are integrated into the vehicle control domain controller, and a three-domain centralized electronic and electrical architecture of the vehicle control domain controller, the intelligent driving domain controller, and the intelligent cockpit domain controller is constructed.
For example, Volkswagen’s MEB platform and Huawei’s CC architecture mainly adopt a three-domain centralized electronic and electrical architecture. The five-domain centralized electronic and electrical architecture is relatively complete and integrates all control functions of L3 and above autonomous vehicles.
(Autonomous driving domain controller in China)
Classification of Domains
Power domain: the safety domain, which is an intelligent powertrain management unit, mainly used for powertrain optimization and control. Electrical intelligent fault diagnosis, intelligent power saving, bus communication and other functions.
Body domain: The body domain is mainly to gradually transition the decentralized function combination to the integration of all body electronic control functions. The control of the whole body such as brake lights, tailgate locks and other equipment is integrated, which can effectively reduce the weight of the whole vehicle and reduce the cost of each vehicle. Control cost of components.
Chassis domain: The chassis domain is mainly related to the driving of the car. It is the integration of the driving system, the transmission system, the steering system and the braking system. It is mainly responsible for the connection, power transmission, steering, braking and other functions of the driving parts of the car. As the main control domain of travel tools, the development of the chassis domain is also a key factor in whether autonomous vehicles can land.
Similar to the power domain, most of the control systems involved in the chassis domain have high safety level requirements and need to meet the ASIL-D safety level (the highest safety level in the ASIL series). Therefore, the chassis domain also has a high industry threshold. At present, most chassis domain controllers are still in the laboratory stage.
Cockpit domain: The cockpit domain is mainly responsible for the functions of the car cockpit electronic system. It integrates functions including smart cockpits such as instrument cluster, central control large screen, head-up display, etc. Unlike the traditional cockpit, which consists of several discrete subsystems or separate modules, the cockpit domain It needs to have excellent handling, which can make complex intelligent cockpit functions such as multi-screen linkage and multi-screen driving a reality;
Autonomous driving domain: The autonomous driving domain requires capabilities such as multi-sensor fusion, positioning, path planning, wireless communication, decision control, and high-speed communication. The autonomous driving domain requires external hardware equipment such as millimeter-wave radar, lidar, vehicle cameras, and inertial navigation. , so as to realize the perception and decision-making ability of automatic driving. Its core is the processing ability of the chip. The ultimate goal is to achieve the computing power requirements of automatic driving, simplify equipment, and improve the integration of automatic driving systems.
The autonomous driving domain is also responsible for the security of the underlying core data and networking data of the car in the autonomous driving state, and is the core component to promote L3 and higher levels of autonomous driving. With the development of domain controllers, their advantages have gradually become prominent, and the development of domain controllers has gradually increased the requirements for computing power, which also promotes the development of domain controllers and chips.
From the distributed electronic and electrical architecture to the centralized electronic and electrical architecture, the emergence of the domain controller will require the functions completed by multiple ECUs to be integrated into one domain control to realize the control of various parts of the car more efficiently. The development of domain controllers has also made the functions of various parts of the car more integrated. Controlling the functions of the car through a brain can make the transmission of data more efficient and the systems of various parts of the car more interconnected.
About Wonderful
Shenzhen Wonderful Technology Co., Ltd. is China’s top model and small batch circuit board manufacturer.
The company targets precision circuit board samples and small batches as the main target market. Since its establishment, it has adhered to the development concept of good quality and important reputation.
Invest huge sums of money to introduce advanced equipment, strictly regulate the operating standards and QC standards for incoming and outgoing materials, to ensure that the shipped products reach Seiko quality.
The self-developed ERP management system can realize the whole process of paperless operations such as online ordering, online payment, online production progress query, online logistics tracking, and online statistical report production, which greatly improves work efficiency.
It ensures that each order can be shipped quickly. After more than ten years of development, the company’s products and services have been well received by the market.
As well as the opening of an electronic component mall, integrated circuits, semiconductors, resistors, capacitors and other products are sold.
The company’s scale is developing rapidly, and the sample and small batch shipment capacity reaches 500 models/day.
The products are widely used in communications, medical equipment, industrial control products, aviation, military products, testing instruments,Automotive, computers and other peripheral products.
We will continue to pay attention to customers, with efficient delivery speed and perfect after-sales service, to become the most trusted brand supplier in the PCB industry.
Wonderful PCB You can send us your requirements first. Click here to contact us.
You can click our component store. Please click here to contact us.
English