Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
PCB is the abbreviation of (Printed Circuit Board). Because it is made using electronic printing, it is called a “printed” circuit board.
A printed circuit board is a substrate for assembling electronic components, and is a printed board that forms point-to-point connections and printed components on a general-purpose substrate according to a predetermined design.
The main function of this product is to make various electronic components form a predetermined circuit connection and play the role of relay transmission. It is the key electronic interconnection of electronic products and is known as the “mother of electronic products”.
As the substrate and key interconnection of electronic parts, PCB is required for any electronic equipment or products.
Manufacturing Principle of Printed Circuit Board
When we open the keyboard of a general-purpose computer, we can see a soft film (flexible insulating substrate), printed with silver-white (silver paste) conductive graphics and graphics.
Because this kind of pattern is obtained by the general screen printing method, we call this printed circuit board a flexible silver paste printed circuit board. However, the various computer motherboards, graphics cards, network cards, modems, sound cards and printed circuit boards on household appliances that we saw in the computer city are different.
The base material it uses is made of paper base (often used for one side) or glass cloth base (often used for double-sided and multi-layer), pre-impregnated with phenolic or epoxy resin, one or both sides of the surface layer are glued with copper clad film and then laminated and cured made.
This kind of circuit board copper clad sheet, we call it a rigid board. Then make a printed circuit board, we call it a rigid printed circuit board.
A printed circuit board with a printed circuit pattern on one side is called a single-sided printed circuit board, a printed circuit board with a printed circuit pattern on both sides, and then double-sided interconnection through metallization of holes is called a double-sided printed circuit board .
Through the positioning system and insulating bonding materials alternately together, and the printed circuit boards interconnected by the conductive patterns according to the design requirements, can be made into four-layer and six-layer circuit boards, also known as multi-layer circuit boards. There are more than 100 layers of printed circuit boards in the world now.
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The Production Process of Printed Circuit Boards
The production process is relatively complex and involves a wide range of processes, from simple mechanical processing to complex mechanical processing.
There are common chemical reactions, as well as photochemical, electrochemical, thermochemical and other processes, and knowledge of computer-aided design (CAM).
Moreover, there are many technological problems in the production process, and new problems will be encountered, and some problems will disappear without finding out the reasons.
Since the production process is a discontinuous assembly line, any problem in any link will cause the whole line to stop production or a large number of scraps.
If the waste cannot be recycled and reused, the work pressure of process engineers is high, so many engineers turn to equipment or material vendors to do sales and technical service work. the
The substrate is made of insulating and heat-insulating materials that are not easily bent.
The small circuit material that can be seen on the surface is copper foil. Originally, the copper foil covered the entire board, but part of it was etched away during the manufacturing process, and the remaining part became a network of small circuits.
These lines are called wires or traces, and are used to provide electrical connections to the parts on the PCB.
To fix the parts on the PCB, we solder their pins directly to the wiring.
On the most basic single panel, parts are all concentrated on one side, and wires are all concentrated on the other side.
This way we only need to make holes in the board so the pins can go through the substrate to the other side, so the pins of the parts are soldered on the other side.
Because of this, the front and back sides of the PCB are called the component side and the soldering side, respectively.
If there are some parts on the PCB that need to be removed after fabrication, then the socket will be used for the part installation.
The socket is directly welded on the board, and the parts can be disassembled arbitrarily.
If we want to connect two PCBs to each other, we usually use copper pads.
In fact, it is also part of the PCB wiring. Usually, when connecting, we insert the golden finger on one of the PCBs into the appropriate slot on the other PCB.
In a computer, such as a display card, sound card or other similar interface cards.
The green or brown color on the PCB is the color of the solder mask. This is the protective layer of insulation that protects the copper wires and also prevents parts from being soldered to incorrect places.
An additional screen printing surface is printed on top of the solder mask.
Usually words and symbols are printed on this to mark the position of each part on the board.
The screen printing side is also called the icon side.
The printed circuit board etches the complex circuit copper wires between parts on a board after careful and neat planning.
It provides the main support for electronic components during installation and interconnection, and is an indispensable basic part of all electronic products. the
A flat plate made of non-conductive material, usually with pre-drilled holes designed to mount chips and other electronic components.
The component’s holes help to pre-define the metal paths and connect them electronically.
After passing the pins of the electronic components through the PCB, they are then adhered to the PCB with conductive metal welding rods to form a circuit.
Development of Circuit Boards
China:
- In the 1950s, the development of single-sided printed boards began.
- In the 1960s, foil-clad substrates were developed.
- In the 1970s, the graphic electroplating and etching process was promoted in China.
- In the 1980s, the single-sided, double-sided, and multi-layer printed circuit board production lines improved the technical level of printed circuit production.
Circuit Board Characteristics
- high density
- high reliability
- Designability
- Productivity
- Assemblability
- maintainability
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